The best way to characterize the different approaches that are taken to answer the question of psychology is to identify them as major perspectives. The major perspectives represent fundamental assumptions that underlie the research questions and methods that are used in order to answer the questions of psychology.
Biological
- The interaction between anatomy (brain and nervous system) and behavior
- How the body and brain process emotions, memories, and sensory details
- What affects your body and behavior?
- Ex: Up all night texting; so exhausted
Behavioral
- Determined by your environment and experiences (not genetics)
- Feelings do not matter; The mind and mental sentiments cannot be observed, therefore they do not matter
- Main Idea: Everything is trained and learned, nothing is born.
- Key people: Watson, Skinner, Pavlov.
Cognitive
- THINKING
- Key Person: Jean Pidget
- Importance of how our mind sees, professes and remembers information
Evolutionary
- Behavior can be best explained in terms of how adaptive behavior is key to our survival.
- We behave the way we do because we've inherited these behaviors
- Those behaviors must've helped ensure our ancestor's survival.
- Key person: Charles Darwin
- Natural Selection:We have evolved into our present states over long periods of time
Humanistic
- Free will and potential for personal growth guide behavior and mental processes.
- The importance of love, acceptance, and feelings
- Views human nature as positive
- Focuses on how our environment influences our growth potential and need for love and acceptance
- Self Actualization:Process of fulfilling your potential
- Key people: Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
SocioCultural
- Most of your behavior and feelings are dictated by the culture you live in
- Must be taken into account when trying to understand, control, or predict behavior
- Ex: Some cultures kiss eachother when geeting, some bow, some shake hands.
PsychoAnalytical
- Interaction between the conscious and unconscious (mental processes that we do not normally have access to but are infuenced by) shape our behavior
- Ex: A man cannot form relationships with others because he was beaten as a child, causing fear of getting close to others
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